Aeroplane.



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'ranma-SHEET 1.

, W/TNES H. BARR/OWS. AEROPLAN.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT.` lv2, 1919.

Patented Jan* 12, 1915.

' 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.-

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- i aiipucation sied Septante: 1a, i910. serial no. 581,652.

` vToa-ZZ Mahomet-mag concern; 1

Be it known that we, WiLn'nii S. B Annows and ASAHEL H. Baiuzows, citizensof the- United States, residing at Chicago, Cook county, 1llinois,' and Long Island City," Queens county, N ew York, respectively, have --inveiited certain 'new and useful Improve ments in Aeroplanes,l of whichthe following is a specification. I' h i Our invention relates to yair navigation,

and has particular reference to' so called aeroplanes.,

-The object of the invention is' to provide 'improvements' that will effect improved stability, a stronger construction withcomparatively light weight, to generally improve the. power of the machine to main- `tain andpropel -itself in theau.

' With this .dbg'fect .in l view our invention consists-in the novel construction, combination and larrangenient,.of parts hereinafter describedin detail, illustrated inl the accompanying drawings', and'incorporated '1n theappended claims.'v i l f ln the drawing 'Figure 1 -is -an elevation, partly. in section, of aniaeroplane em- -bodying our invention. Fig. 2 is afront view thereof. Fig. 3 is a top plan view,

i the dottedV lines-.indicating a part ,of the mechanism installed between .the imainl planes. Fig. 4 isa perspective view of the planes 2, 3 and 3', the vertical tubings c onnecting said planes, and the canvas walls between vthe upper planes and the inner ends planes, drawn on a reduced scale.

Referring in detail to the several views, whichfshow a substantially complete machine, though only the parts thereof lherein claimed form the subject of the present invention, 2 represents the upper and 3, 3

' the lower of the Inain planes, concaved upwardly at their forward edges in Ithe usual manner. The 4frame 4 of the machine con- `sists of light tubing 5 which extends `from end to end, while 6 represents -transverse tubings between the tubings 5,;and 7, repre-y sents vertical tubings. The lower planes 3 and 3 are spaced apart to vleave openings below the propeller-s indicated. as 7"', 7 in Fig. 4. Downward air pressure, prod uced by the propellers will` thus be caused to act against the air below the lower. plane sections 3 and 3', and in order jto intensify the upward pressure of propeller air currents against the upper plane' 2 canvas walls 7 propeller.

rl'he spaces occupied by the propellers are are placed' at the -sides of each indicated substantially at 7 in Fig. 4,'and 60 in Fig. 2 the tubes 7 between which. the propeller-s are 'shown represent substan? tially the ends of the walls 7 The tubings ofthe frame are braced or 'supported by frame las at l0 is 12 is pivoted at 13 tothe rear end .of the frame. These elevatorsare connected to move together with different degrees of angular movement, by means of 4icordsor 75 connections 14: and 15 which run to the steering wheel, but these features form no part of the inventionclaimedl herein. The operatorsseat is indicated at 16 and the operating lever at 17, fulcrumed at 18. To 80 the upper end of the lever 17 are pivoted the rear ends of rods 19 which extend divergently from said lever, as shown lin Fig, 3, to a pair of forward triangular tubi ylevers 20, a side view of one of which g5 shown in Fig. 1. Two such levers are provided to better control and support the forward' elevator 11. x 21 represents the pivot of each lever 20.

Each of these levers is connected with the 9,0

forward plane 11 by means of a verticalrod 22, pivoted to the lever at 23 and to the elevator 11' at 24, as shown in Fig. l. On the upper end of the lever is the usualV steering wheel 25, by means of which the rudder 26 95 the lever and the sides of the frame as indicated in Fig. 3.

Between the planes two propeller shafts l28 and29' are arranged, each carrying, or

having keyed to its respective-ends, two Vpro- L105 pellers 41. The mountings of both propeller shafts are the saine, and referring, therefore, to shaft 29 -shown in Fig. 1, its ends are mounted in bearings 30 and 31. Each of these bearings are truss-supported on 'rods 110 pivoted a vertical steering 70 Y plane, or elevator, 11 and a similar elevator showl a mechanism `for'movlng the blades,

1 tilted iupwardlyand' forwardly,wh1ch causes vas a forward propulsion. Each of the shaftin- Fig. 2. Each .rod consists of two jsectionsfcoupled together a turnbuclrle 36 f which permits variationL in the lengthsof said rods and the adjustment ofthe positions ofthe bearings supported by the trussrods carrying the propeller shafts. y

As lshown inlFig. 1, the yshaft isslightly the propeller to exert an vupward-liftaswell bearings is held against the endof the shaft' by" means of a rod 37seated in asocket of the bearing, The opposite end of the rod is the` frame in .substan\ truss-supported on 4t'ially the same manner as the shaft-bearings *y '30 and 3l, a'bearing-icap '20 rod 37 and vbeing itself supported 39 39"engaging the en d of the by truss-rods y39 each consisting of sections coupled togetherand longitudinally ad-l I :justed by means o f turn-buckles-l0, The

f rods 39,4as shown in Fig. 1, arev inclined totend to draw the -caps towardv each other,

or against the ends of the shaft.

The propeller blades are swiveledin their I hubs so thattheir pitehfrnay be varied, but

this feature'forms-a part Aof a separate invention-not claimedherein. Figs. land 3 or adjusting their pitch, on their'individual axes, as `consisting ofl a'sleeve 52 mounted on the shaft and movable'longi'tudinally thereon. The sleeve 52is caused to rotate with the shaft bybeing splined toit as by means 'Of a pin. or key in the linftlie sleeve ,in the usual manner.

ends of `the sleeve are connected with edges 4401.

1 of short rods,

shaft engaging a slot The of therespective propeller blades by means the details of which are immaterial to the matter claimedherein. .',The method yof moving the sleeve to turn the blades is shown in a general way in F ig. l as consisting of a toothed rack 60 suspended on the sleeve, said rack-beingkmoved by a gear-segment 61 keyed to one end'o'f a shaft '52 havingseeuredfthereto a lever. 63 connected byxa'rod' 64 with a lever 65 at each side ofthe operators seat. Thegear seg-y r ment 61 is heldin engagement with Vthe rack GQ, by means of .al link 66 pivoted on the shaft 62. and connected with a suitable part onthe sleeve 52. rEhe propeller shafts are, as shown in Fig. 3, driven by a transverse shaft 73 provided with a sprocket wheel 74 that is driven from'any suitable i, ing the driving connectionsbetween theg source of power, bevel-gears 7-5 and 76 formyshaft 73 and thepropeller shafts'28 and 29. .y :Provision is made for, utilizing the sup- Therunners 77 and' 78 wheels' 79 and 8O and said of the frame,` as indi-- runners are pivoted on a shaft Si which carries the wheels. Each runner has pivoted thereto a' rod 82 whichy telescopes into a tube 83 within which isa buer spring 84 that is interposed between the upper end of the rod andthe bottom of the tube at the upper end thereof. A rod 85, tube 86, andspring 57 similar to` the preceding, but arranged at an incline', areinterposed between the ferward tip of each runner and the frame. ntl'iisinstance the spring is tensioned to exert a pulling force upon the rod instead-v of, aslinthe-case of ther spring Sal, serving as a buffer. ends or heels of the runners are caused to exert Van upward pressure assisting the aeroplane to rise, and when it alights these springs and rods serve as shock absorbers.

By this arrangement the vrear lt will be noticed that in the vertical plane occupied by the propellers the machine is like a monoplanewliile outside of thepro- 4a single upperplanebelow which said pro-4 pellers are arranged, al plurality of separated lower single planes arranged underneath mechanism arranged underneath said upper,

plane 1n an open space passing between said f lower planes. l.

2. In an aeroplane, the combination with4 'ico said upper plane, and avpropelling'" the .upper plane, of spaced apartilower i planes underneath said upper plane and l propellers` and driving-mechanism arranged in aV space passing between said lower planes, said propellers positioned to throw air currents theyv create against the upper plane and not against the lower planes. v

3. In an aeroplane, the combination with a single spread of upper plane,y ofsingle spreads of lower planes spaeed'apartl ina horizontal plane, propellers and driving-l Y mechanism arranged in an'open space pass-I ing between said lower planes, and means for .'velelvating and lowering both the forward and the rear end. of saidaeroplane simultaneously.- y

4., In an aeroplane, the combination with an upper plane, of lower planes, vertical walls connecting said upper and lower planes at the adjacent ends ofthe latter,` propellers and driving mechanismtherefor'. over the open spacel between saidflowefrl planes, and means for guiding said-aeroplane. A L

vpellers' and driving-mechanism` inclosed' meaea 5. in an aeroplane, the combination with an upper plane, of a pair of lower planes having an open Aspace between their adjacent ends, vertical walls connecting said,

adjacent ends with the upper plane, proabove anden two sides by said upper plane and walls, and diagonal truss-rods supportl Vadjacent ends? a propeller and:A dr'ving mechanism arranged in the vertiealplne passing between said lower planes, diagonal truss-rods supporting the shaftA for said ropeller, and means for varying' the engths of said truss-rods. I

" 7. incombenti@ menthe framefflan A aeroplane, onpper and lower planes 'and 'a -propeller-s'haft5. rectangular vertical l'- v iframes 1 and diagonal. adjustable truss-.rods

supptor'ting. adjnstably the bearings for saidsha." A

ln, witness 2- whereof ll, W.' S@ Bniinowsi, have hereunto set my of two-subscribing witnesses.v

I Witnesses; A

A` MAE C., Armin. v

ln testimonywhereof', A., H; BARRows,

' of two 'y subscribing' witnesses.

have' hereunto'. set inyhand inthe presence Yhand in the presencev 

